The system requires input in the form of mechanical work. It should be observed that the system operates on a closed cycle. This low pressure and low-temperature refrigerant vapor evaporates in the evaporator taking heat from the cold region. In the expansion valve the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant decrease. To complete the cycle, the high-pressure liquid is made to flow through an expansion valve. Hence when the high pressure, high-temperature refrigerant flows through the condenser, condensation of the vapor into liquid takes place by heat rejection to the heat sink. The refrigerant vapor from the evaporator is compressed in the compressor to a high pressure at which its saturation temperature is greater than the ambient or any other heat sink. The refrigeration effect is obtained in the cold region as heat is extracted by the vaporization of refrigerant in the evaporator. As shown in the figure the basic system consists of an evaporator, compressor, condenser and an expansion valve.
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